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“Chronicles of Nature” are a standard report format in use since the 1930s that collects the annual for phenology and biodiversity data in the Nature Reserves of Russia. These reports include data gathered by professional researchers using standardized methodologies in a system of strictly protected areas (in Russian “zapovednik”), that represents the world’s first continent-wide long-term monitoring scheme. Here we provide a long-term dataset on phenological phenomena for the territory of Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve (Moscow region, Russia) collected in course of the “Chronicles of Nature” scientific program. The data cover the period of 75 years, 1946-2020. Since 1946 up to 1993 field data were collected by staff researchers of the Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI) “Prioksko-Terrasnyi National Nature Biosphere Reserve named after M.A. Zablotsky”, that conducts legal management of the biosphere reserve. Over the years in the pnenological monitoring were involved: A.S. Liseev, L.P. Poznanin, D.A. Koriakin, G.A. Milovanova, E.M. Kaliaeva, L.V. Zablotskaya, M.M. Zablotskaya, E.V. Lavreneva, V.I. Danilov, V.T. Popchenko, L.A. Panicheva, M.Kh. Ableev (1946-1993), M.M. Zablotskaya and G.V. Sokolova (1993-2016), G.V. Sokolova and A.V. Tarasov (2017-2019). The rangers of the Biosphere Reserve also participated in data collection during 1946-2015. The dataset includes observation dates of 32 types of events in the life of various taxa of animals (birds, insects, and arachnids), fungi, and vascular plants were observed annually. For vascular plants we recorded 15 annual events described vegetation, flowering, fruiting and withering; 8 for birds (for example, spring and autumn migration, reproduction and wintering), 5 for insects, and 2 for arachnids and fungi. The second version of the data set is presented. In comparison with the previous one, all phenological sampling plots are georeferenced more exactly, about 2000 incorrect records were excluded or corrected. This version systematizes phenomena, specifies the phenomena names and indicators of phenomena (methods of the registration). We also added about 1000 records from reports, missing in the first version for 1948-2016 and updated the data for 2017-2020.