This checklist is the medicinal plants from Gabon. It is an output of the BID-AF2020-194-USE project. Data on medicinal plants are important to best support decision-makers and users. The key policy questions and data challenges that the project is addressing to increase the uptake of primary biodiversity data into decision making processes is focused on the following question: What species are used as medicinal plants in Gabon? To answer this question, a list of medicinal plants has been compiled from the book “Les plantes utiles du Gabon” (Raponda Walker & Roger Sillans 1965). A taxonomic update of the scientific names taken from this book has been treated. Therefore, this list includes the correct scientific names, vernacular names and uses that can be medicinal, cosmetic and mystico-magic.