I designed this publication to accompany the research article Nature portrayed in images in Dutch Brazil: Tracing the sources of the plant woodcuts in the Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648) by Mireia Alcantara Rodriguez, Tinde van Andel, and Mariana Françozo. This visual database is directed to everyone attracted to the fascinating world of tropical plants and Renaissance and early modern botanical art, with the main focus on the flora of Dutch Brazil (the northeastern territories of Brazil colonized by the Dutch from 1630 to 1654). This PDF file was built with Filemaker Pro software in a database format, and both files are available open access in the repository of Leiden University via: https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-zk4-ercv.The main purpose of this file is to present in a visual form the potential sources used to create the plant woodcuts embedded in the Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (HNB). A brief text accompanies every plant entry in which I discuss the various levels of correlation among sources. The HNB is a western treatise that documents the flora, fauna, medicine, climate, and the inhabitants coexisting in Dutch Brazil as perceived by German naturalist George Marcgrave (1610-1643) and Dutch physician Willem Piso (1611-1678) – among others. This work was funded by count Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen (1604-1679), whose governorship in Dutch Brazil lasted from 1636 to 1644, and edited by cartographer Johannes de Laet (1581-1649), one of the directors of the Dutch West India Company. This file can be read independently but its main function is to complement and depict the data analyzed in the main paper, which is also displayed in an Excel spreadsheet (S1). The main paper aimed to answer what were the sources used to create the plant woodcuts in the HNB, first, by arranging together the woodcut images and their corresponding species in other visual sources from Dutch Brazil and analyzing their similarities; and second, by searching for the remaining sources in contemporary or older treatises that included engravings similar to the HNB woodcuts. By doing so, the various methods of visual-knowledge-making are discussed, including the methods of plant collection and flora representation. This publication presents a catalogue of the data on plant woodcuts in the HNB, accounting for 243 database entries with 1458 images that correspond to 237 taxa. Related to this research, I created a second dataset (S3) and its corresponding PDF file (Appendix S4) t...