This study examined the relationship between two-year changes of aerobic fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children. Baseline and follow-up data were obtained from 120 children, the CHIC III Study. Aerobic fitness was estimated using a multistage submaximal test on the cycle ergometer. Six CVD risk factors were measured, and combined by using standardized z-score, CVD composite score. As a result, there was a trend of increasing CVD composite scores over two years (p