The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (cox1) were sequenced and analyzed among 710 samples representing 88 geographic locations. 205 haplotypes of cox1 were identified. Four clades with 12 subclades were identified. Dating analyses from 3 calibrations supported that the divergence of the 4 clades happened in the Oligocene -Miocene (30.54-13.66 million years ago)