This dataset is a compilation of Cannabis/Humulus pollen records found accross the Iberian Peninsula (IP), since the Late Pleistocene (ca. 150 kyr BP) to the present. These data can be used to trace the historical biogeography of the species represented by this pollen type since its introduction in the IP, and to relate their spatiotemporal distribution shifts with relevant environmental and cultural events and processes. The dataset is given as a spreadshhet that can be enhanced with further findings and adapted to the needs of each researcher.