The purpose for the collection of the dataset was to explore the potential of sediment fingerprinting to distinguish sediment source contributions to beaver dams and the most commonly used type of beaver mimicry structure, beaver dam analogues (BDAs). As well, the dataset was collected to evaluate how the origin of sediment retained by BDAs compares to beaver dams. The dataset was used to support the analyses described in the paper "Comparing the sources of sediment retained by beaver dams and beaver dam analogues", by Cherie J. Westbrook and David J. Cooper, published in Water Resources Research, 2024.