The diversity and community structure of nematodes in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and mulberry (Morus spp.) growing areas in Western and Northwestern Turkey were determined in a two-year study. During surveys, 82 soil samples were collected from seven districts in İzmir and Tekirdağ provinces. A total of 37 nematode genera (mulberry 25 genera; pomegranate 27 genera) were identified. Nematodes were classified into six feeding groups: plant feeders (35%), bacterivores (16.7%), root-fungal feeders (15%), fungivores (11.7%), omnivores (5%) and predators (3.3%). The recovered species belonged to Dorylaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabditida, Aphelenchida, Mononchida, Triplonhida and Tylenchida orders. The most frequent species were Helicotylenchus digonicus, Pratylenchoides alkani, Boleodorus thylactus in pomegranate, and H. dihystera, Xiphinema pachtaicum, B. thylactus and Ditylenchus myceliophagus in mulberry. Criconemoides informis, Aphelenchoides clarus, A. sacchari, D. valveus, D. dipsaci, H. canadensis, H. varicaudatus and Longidorus elongatus were found for the first time in these host plants in Turkey.