The article discusses the role of private schools in the social reproduction of the elite class of society. The author gives arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of studying in private schools, analyzes their importance in social development. In the course of theoretical research, the author summarizes that the choice of a private school is a new social instrument, due to which social and class differences turn into inequality in education. Representatives of elites and the middle class in their select of school seek to choose not only the institution but also the cohort of students who study there, turning the learning process into a social device for the transformation of social and class differences into inequality in education. The advantages of a private school are improved learning conditions and the possibility of more rapid efficient development of social networks and communication, increasing the social capital of the child, which, in turn, provides social reproduction of privileged segments of the population. The author provides an analysis of development of the market of private secondary education in Ukraine, the network and contingent of students in it. Peculiarities of educational programs of private schools of Ukraine are given.