Surgical site infections (SSI) are serious complications, accounting for 20 percent of all the healthcare-associated infections, and they are considered to be the second most frequent type of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in Europe and the United States. Although SSIs are among the most preventable hospital acquired infection, they represent a significant burden in terms of morbidity, mortality, and additional costs to the health care system. In cardiac surgery, 3.6 percent of the patients who have heart operations experience an SSI. Although the mortality rate related to SSI is only about 1.6 percent, the mean additional hospital LOS can be up to twelve days, which results in extra hospital cost of £8548 (€9444) per SSI-infected patient (5). This does not include the indirect costs because of patients’ temporary or permanent incapacity to work, income lost by family members, forgone leisure time, travel, and home care costs, which can account for up to eight times the direct costs of SSI. Furthermore, patients with SSI may experience additional pain, delayed wound healing, and be more susceptible to secondary infections, such as bacteremia. It may also have a negative impact on patients’ mental health as a result of prolonged hospitalization. Based on the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC), SSI is defined as any incisional (superficial and deep) and space or organ infection occurring within thirty days postoperatively after initial procedure or up to twelve months postoperatively if the procedure includes an implant. It should also include at least one of the following factors: pus discharge on incision; organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture; an abscess or other evidence of infection that is found by the surgeons at the time of reoperation, percutaneous drainage, or by histopathological or radiological; or diagnosis of an incisional or organ or space SSI by the clinician. Infections after surgery are caused by germs that can be already on the patient’s skin and spread to the surgical wound, inside the body or from the organ on which the surgery was performed, or in the surrounding environment such as from infected surgical instruments or on the hands of the health care provider. However, some patients may have higher risks of developing SSI. Those who have poorly controlled diabetes; have problems with their immune systems or are taking corticosteroids; have high body mass index or are obese; are currently or recent...