This dataset contains the measurements of xylem anatomical traits, native embolism and bacterial contamination presented in the article: Petit G, Bleve G, Gallo A, Mita G, Montanaro G, Nuzzo V, Zambonini D & Pitacco A (2021) Susceptibility to Xylella fastidiosa and functional xylem anatomy in Olea europaea: revisiting a tale of plant-pathogen interaction. AoB Plants