This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to examine the correlation between family socioeconomic status (SES), academic buoyancy, adaptability (cognitive-behavioral adaptability and affective adaptability), and mathematics achievement. The dataset consists of data collected in two phases, involving a questionnaire survey and mathematics test in the quantitative phase, as well as interview transcripts of students, parents, and math teachers in the qualitative phase. The questionnaire survey specifically focuses on assessing students’ family SES, academic buoyancy, and adaptability.