This dataset provides 1 km gridded monthly estimates of surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and air-sea flux of CO2 (CO2 flux) for the northern Gulf of Mexico for the period 2006 through 2010. Estimates of pCO2 were derived from MODIS/Aqua satellite imagery in combination with ship-based observations. Estimates of CO2 flux were derived from estimates of seawater pCO2, wind fields, and atmospheric pCO2.