This file contains the data used to produce the manuscript "Interactive effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning" by Pires et al in Ecology. The first sheet contains data of decomposition (dry weight loss in mg after 180 days), bacterial production (µmol C L-1 h-1), detritivore abundance (number of detritivore individuals in each tank bromeliad), detritivore richness (number of detritivore species in each tank bromeliad), bromeliad maximum volume (ml) and the mechanisms by which litter diversity affected decomposition (TICE: trait-independent complementarity effect; DE: dominance effect and TDCE: trait-dependent complementarity effect). The second sheet contains data of methane concentration (ppm) in three different sampling times (30, 60 and 90 days after rainfall manipulation). The first three columns in each sheet describe the treatments used in the experiment. For more details about the experimental design, sampling and methods used to produce these data, see the manuscript in the journal.