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We analyse new genomic data (0.05–2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from
Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200–3500 BC) to the
Middle Bronze Age (1740–1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes
in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is
evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive
haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local
hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A
more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable
from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern
genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited
nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration
turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival
of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of
individual height across Europe are also associated with these major
cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with
modern differences in stature.
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