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The Ancient Egyptians wrote Calendars of Lucky and Unlucky Days that
assigned astronomically influenced prognoses for each day of the year. The
best preserved of these calendars is the Cairo Calendar (hereafter CC)
dated to 1244–1163 B.C. We have presented evidence that the 2.85 days
period in the lucky prognoses of CC is equal to that of the eclipsing
binary Algol during this historical era. We wanted to find out the
vocabulary that represents Algol in the mythological texts of CC. Here we
show that Algol was represented as Horus and thus signified both divinity
and kingship. The texts describing the actions of Horus are consistent
with the course of events witnessed by any naked eye observer of Algol.
These descriptions support our claim that CC is the oldest preserved
historical document of the discovery of a variable star. The period of the
Moon, 29.6 days, has also been discovered in CC. We show that the actions
of Seth were connected to this period, which also strongly regulated the
times described as lucky for Heaven and for Earth. Now, for the first
time, periodicity is discovered in the descriptions of the days in CC.
Unlike many previous attempts to uncover the reasoning behind the myths of
individual days, we discover the actual rules in the appearance and
behaviour of deities during the whole year.
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