In the fourth Rebalance Dialogue, Andrea Ricci moderated the dialogue between Jens Schade and Stefan Gössling about the role of the car in the future and how private car use is recognized as having significant negative impacts on environment, health, and safety. The car generates congestion, consumes significant urban space, and affects the quality of life in general. Access regulation, initiatives to foster active mobility and micro-mobility, and to make public transport more attractive address some of these concerns. But private car ownership and use is deeply ingrained in our culture, and car sales keep growing. REBALANCE explores the congruity of a perspective consisting of a radical shift away from cars and the “key values” that should be promoted in order to achieve it. Driving a car is perceived as an expression of freedom: the driver is “in control”, and can decide where, when, at what speed, and with what itinerary to move around. Although, this is sometimes a delusion as drivers suffer frustrating congestion, time losses to find parking spots, impotence in avoiding accidents provoked by others, along with high economic costs. “Agency” is arguably a fundamental determinant of mobility choices. Nevertheless, it is worth researching how more and better evidence of the true costs and benefits, both individual and collective, could help deconstruct the current paradigm, and convince people that their real need is to move, not to drive. It is often stated that the main reason behind the prevalence of private car use is the “status symbol” notion attached to the car, and the subsequent reticence to give up ownership. The emergence of shared vehicles and shared rides schemes can be optimistically interpreted as a promising signal in this regard. To become prevalent, “soft spots” in peoples’ values and perceptions must be addressed for this to happen, also considering the “generation gap” and differentiated perspectives across age groups. On the other hand, if it is sustained, the generalized acceptance of shared schemes could lead car use to become an integral part of more sustainable, multimodal, and seamless mobility patterns. This would then further rule out any perspective of phasing out cars as such! Ultimately, a radical shift to shared schemes could not be enough to curb the dramatic impacts of automobility. The participants agreed that the car is part of one’s personality, showing the real economic co...