Between November 2019 and February 2022, the Mixed Migration Centre conducted 4Mi in Italy and Greece as part of the ADMIGOV project. 4Mi is a primary data collection system initiated in 2014, comprising an in-depth survey questionnaire targeting refugees and migrants on mixed migration routes and covering eight main research areas: profile, drivers of migration and intentions, the route and the journey, protection, assistance, smuggling, financing of the journey, and access to information. This report presents detail of the methodology as well as aggregate analysis of the data collected in Italy (995 interviews) and Greece (1,600), with disaggregation by nationality (people from Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sudan and a diverse group from West Africa interviewed in Italy, and people from Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan and Syria interviewed in Greece). The report details a range of results and findings, reflecting the broad scope of the survey. Key findings relating to ADMIGOV’s focus on protection are: that reliance on smugglers can increase the vulnerability of refugees and migrants; respondents faced a variety of risks; Libya and Turkey are reported as particularly dangerous places on the journey towards Europe; respondents who had reached Greece most often cited governmental authorities/police as perpetrators of violations and abuse, while those in Italy most often reported criminal gangs/militia; smugglers are also frequently perceived as perpetrators; respondents in both countries often reported a need for legal assistance, and in Greece, respondents frequently reported needs for psychological support and medical assistance.