An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in December 2017 at land adjacent to Hanborough Station, Long Hanborough, Oxfordshire (NGR SP 443180 214180). It was commissioned by Orion Heritage Ltd on behalf of their client, Bloor Homes, who intend to construct a residential development for which planning permission has been granted on appeal. There were nineteen trenches and two test pits excavated across the site, which comprised two agricultural fields. The trenches were partly positioned to test anomalies identified on a preceding geophysical survey and partly in a gridded array in order to test the quality of capture from the survey in blank areas. Test pits were hand excavated in an area of machine exclusion adjacent to the railway, and as a replacement for trenches not excavated in order to avoid the route of an unmapped live water pipe. Archaeological remains of varying significance were identified across the site, and there were also twelve blank trenches. Correlation with geophysical anomalies was inconsistent and a small number of features not identified on the geophysical survey were found, including pits, furrows and a burnt mound, particularly in the north-west half of the site. Two main phases of activity were identified: prehistoric and medieval to late-medieval. The prehistoric phase consisted of a small spread of burnt stone and charcoal, likely to represent part of a burnt mound. This feature has been scientifically dated to the early to middle Bronze Age and probably forms an isolated but significant element of a wider prehistoric landscape. As similar features are normally located at a distance from settlements, it is likely that any associated occupation is located further from the site. There is potential for the presence of associated features such as pits or troughs, but no indication of these was found during the trial trenching. The medieval to late-medieval phase could be characterised as a period of agricultural use of the land. A small number of other pits were identified along the north-east edge of the site, but remain undated and poorly understood in relation to each other and the sequence of activity.