Wessex Archaeology was approached by Harthill Community Group to carry out an archaeological evaluation in Cuthbright Wood, located east of the village of Harthill in South Yorkshire. The evaluation was undertaken in June 2018 by a mixed team of staff from Wessex Archaeology and local volunteers, working under the direction of Wessex Archaeology. A total of 10 trenches were excavated across the wood's 10.4 hectares. Two trenches targeted visible earthworks, whilst three others targeted cropmarks seen extending into the wood from the west on aerial photographs. All other trenches were dug in 'blank' areas. The earliest material encountered was medieval pottery found redeposited alongside later wares, and there is no evidence for any earlier activity. No features obviously associated with the cropmark features visible to the west of the wood were revealed. Excavated features comprise potential stone surfaces, a bomb crater or quarry pit, and a possible World War II Home Guard defensive emplacement, although the function and formation process of most features could not be securely established. The discovery of a likely lynchet within the wood, and the recovery of a medieval/post-medieval artefact scatter typical of manuring across it, suggest that the wood was once cultivated, with cartographic evidence indicating that the change of use pre-dates 1854. The finds assemblage is fairly modest, with a limited range of materials present. Aside from three medieval sherds, all of the ceramic material retrieved was post-medieval or modern, and the majority of the artefacts were recovered from topsoil and subsoil deposits.