100% homology sequences of S protein and S1 subunit of Betacoronaviruses are available from GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/) before April 2020, used in phylogenetic analysis. The following abbreviations are applied: WatbuCoV – Waterbuck coronavirus, GirCoV – Giraffe coronavirus, SamdeCoV – Sambar deer coronavirus, YakCoV – Yak coronavirus, BetaCoV – Betacoronavirus, MuCoV – Murine coronavirus, TylBatCoV – Tylonycteris bat coronavirus, RouBatCoV – Rousettus bat coronavirus, BatSARS-CoV – Bat SARS coronavirus, BatSARSL-CoV – Bat SARS-like coronavirus; and Hs – Homo sapiens, Pagla – Paguma larvata, Cd – Camelus dromedarius, Camdr – Camelus dromedarius, Bt – Bos taurus, Bubbu – Bubalus bubalis, Bg – Bos grunniens, Ptv – Pan troglodytes verus, Erieu – Erinaceus europaeus, Eriam – Erinaceus amurensis, Sussc – Sus scrofa, Equca – Equus caballus, Orycu – Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ratno – Rattus norvegicus, Mm – Mus musculus, Pipcfhe – Pipistrellus cf. hesperidus, Roule – Rousettus leschenaulti, Rhisi – Rhinolophus sinicus, Rhibl – Rhinolophus blasii, lhc – the lab host cells, lhm – the lab host mouse. Stars designate protein sequences deduced from nucleotide sequences using the GeneRunner program. Underlined sequences have been used in the construction of the phylogenetic tree. The numbers in front of sequence annotation are the unique sequence numbers for each S/S1 sequence in the batch for each BetaCoV species for more comfortable use.