We aim to analyze the validity and consistency conditions as well as the generic predictions for string and superstring theory models in low energy physics context, covering a range of challenging ideas that are part of the field, from the Weak Gravity Conjecture, compactifications, string vacua, low-energy supersymmetry, gauge-symmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking to heterotic strings, D-branes, M-Theory and large dimensions. We identify the theoretical implications, current concerns and experimental constraints of candidate string theories in the low energy limit, that are underlying certain solutions to several nontrivial problems such as the dimensionality of space-time, naturalness, supersymmetry and supergravity, axions and the strong CP problem, Yukawa couplings, black hole information paradox or grand unification. We finally discuss the effective field theory relevant for low energy precision physics at scales probed in table-top laboratory experiments and justify its relevance for string phenomenology in the submillimeter region.