Various cell membrane receptors respond to and transmit signals from diverse stimuli, and some also act as enzymes activating characteristic enzymatic activity. Among this class of receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are large and play vital roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The binding of a signal molecule to RTKs activates the tyrosine kinase in their cytoplasmic domain, which triggers a series of signaling cascades that transmit signals to the nucleus regulating the transcriptome and proteome. Following activation, RTKs recruit GRB2, an adaptor protein that recruits SOS, activating RAS by GTP-GDP cycling regulated by GEFs and GAPs. The activated RAS may activate any or all of the RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and RAL-TBK-NF-κB signaling cascade, resulting in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.