This dataset file contains the original data and a list of the literature involved in the meta-analysis.We sincerely thank all the scientists whose data and work were included in this meta-analysis. A list of references for 51 published papers extracting leaf photosynthetic capacity responses to CO2 fertilization is included in the data source text. Authors who contributed to the original data for this article include Ainsworth, E. A. [1], Barnes, J. D. [2], Bauer, G. A. [3], Bader, M. K. F. [4], Bowler, J. M. [5], Campbell, C. D. [6], Carswell, F. E. [7], Cook, A. C. [8], Cruz, J. L. [9], Cruz, J. L. [10, 11], Eller, A. S. [12], Farage, P. K. [13], Greenep, H. [14], Griffin, K. L. [15], Herrick, J. D. [16], Hogan, K. P. [17], Hymus, G. J. [18], Inauen, N. [19], Jach, M. E. [20], KIM, S. H. [21], Kitaoka, S. [22], Knapp, A. K. [23], Koike, T. [24], Leakey, A. D. B. [25], Lee, T. D. [26], Lewis, J. D. [27], Liang, N. [28], Liozon, R. [29], Pettersson, R. [30], Polley, H. W. [31], Possell, M. [32], Rey, A. [33], Roumet, C. [34], Ruiz-Vera, U. M. [35, 36], Sage, R. F. [37], Sanz-Sáez, Á. [38], Schortemeyer, M. [39], Sharwood, R. E. [40], Sholtis, J. D. [41], Tissue, D. T. [42, 43, 44], Tjoelker, M. G. [45], Turnbull, M. H. [46], Vogel, C. S. [47], Volin, J. C. [48], von Caemmerer, S. [49], Warren, J. M. [50], Watanabe, M. [51] and other co-authors for these literature.Reference list:[1] Ainsworth, E. A., Davey, P. A., Hymus, G. J., Drake, B. G., & Long, S. P. (2002). Ecological Applications, 12(5), 1267-1275.[2] Barnes, J. D., Bettarini, I., Polle, A., Slee, N., Raines, C., Miglietta, F., Raschi, A., & Fordham, M. (1997). Oecologia, 110, 169-178.[3] Bauer, G. A., Berntson, G. M., & Bazzaz, F. A. (2001). New Phytologist, 152(2), 249-266.[4] Bader, M. K. F., Siegwolf, R., & Körner, C. (2010). Planta, 232, 1115-1125.[5] Bowler, J. M., & Press, M. C. (1996). New Phytologist, 132(3), 391-401.[6] Campbell, C. D., & Sage, R. F. (2006). Plant, Cell & Environment, 29(5), 844-853.[7] Carswell, F. E., Grace, J., Lucas, M. E., & Jarvis, P. G. (2000). Tree Physiology, 20(14), 977-986.[8] Cook, A. C., Tissue, D. T., Roberts, S. W., & Oechel, W. C. (1998). Plant, Cell & Environment, 21(4), 417-425.[9] Cruz, J. L., Alves, A. A., LeCain, D. R., Ellis, D. D., & Morgan, J. A. (2016). Scientia Horticulturae, 202, 32-40.[10] Curtis, P. S., Vogel, C. S., Pregitz...